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It is well-known that there is a trade-off between robustness to disturbances and measurement noise sensitivity in the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) framework based on extended state observer (ESO). To this end, this article proposes a novel variable structure ADRC (VSADRC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed control to enhance the disturbance rejection and the noise suppression simultaneously. In this technology, a variable structure ESO (VSESO) with two-stage interconnected observer is proposed to avoid directly employing noise-contaminated signal, in which the extended disturbance differential is appended to achieve higher-level disturbance estimation. By doing this, at low frequencies, the magnitude curve slope is 40 dB/dec for the VSESO and 20 dB/dec for ESO, while at high frequencies, it is −40 dB/dec for the VSESO and −20 dB/dec for ESO. Furthermore, the stability and output characteristics of the proposed strategy are comprehensively investigated. It is revealed that the superiority of the studied scheme in disturbance rejection and noise suppression. Received 9 December 2023; revised 24 March 2024, 30 May 2024, and 6 August 2024; accepted 15 September 2024. Date of publication 22 October 2024; date of current version 3 April 2025. This work was supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant 12122304, Grant 12473083, and Grant 12303085, in part by Jilin Province Key R&D Plan Project under Grant 20220203036SF, in part by Jilin Province Science and Technology Innovation Platform Project under Grant 20230505007ZP, in part by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Project under Grant 20240302044GX and Grant 20230203113SF, and in part by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS under Grant Y2023060. (Corresponding author: Yongting Deng.) Haiyang Cao, Xiufeng Liu, and Jianli Wang are with Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China, and also with the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (e-mail: caohaiyang20@mails.ucas.ac.cn; liuxiufeng20@mails.ucas. ac.cn; wangjianli@ciomp.ac.cn). Yongting Deng is with Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China (e-mail: dengyongting@ciomp.ac.cn). Yuefei Zuo is with the College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China (e-mail: yuefei.zuo@ieee.org). Christopher H. T. Lee is with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 (e-mail: chtlee@ntu.edu.sg). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TIE.2024.3468613 Finally, the ex perimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed VSADRC.

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Customized Intranasal Hydrogel Delivering Methylene Blue Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction against Alzheimer’s Disease

(Abstract not found)

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Optimization and Performance Analysis of Inorganic Lead-Free CsSnBr 3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using Diverse Electron Transport Materials

: The rapid enhancement in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) within a short time frame has introduced challenges related to the instability and toxicity linked with lead (Pb), impeding their progress toward commercial viability. In response, the exploration of Pb-free alternatives, such as CsSnBr3, has garnered substantial research attention. CsSnBr3 stands out as a highly promising contender for fulfilling the role of an absorber layer in solar cell technology, distinguished by its economical nature, robust stability, and impressive efficiency. In this study, CsSnBr3 is employed as an absorber layer, Cu2O as the hole transport layer (HTL), and TiO2, PCBM, WS2, ZnO, SnO2, and IGZO as electron transport layers (ETLs). This work focuses on enhancing the photovoltaic (PV) performance parameters of CsSnBr3-based PSCs using SCAPS-1D numerical simulation. This is achieved by optimizing characteristics (thickness, doping, and defect density) of the light absorber layer, ETLs, and HTL. Additionally, the effects of doping and defect density (Nt) on the PV performance at CsSnBr3/ETL and HTL/CsSnBr3 interfaces are investigated. The device architecture’s performance was significantly influenced by the absorber layer’s thickness, acceptor density, defect density, and the combination of various ETLs and HTLs. Optimized devices employing TiO2, PCBM, WS2, ZnO, SnO2, and IGZO ETLs exhibited PCEs of 21.64, 21.94, 22.43, 21.94, 21.94, and 21.88%, respectively. Mor

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Comparative efficacy of topical tofacitinib versus topical tacrolimus in the treatment of localized vitiligo: a randomized investigator-blinded intraindividual trial

Background Topical ruxolitinib was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of vitiligo. Studies compar­ ing other topical Janus kinase inhibitors with established topical therapies like tacrolimus are lacking. Objectives To compare the efficacy and tolerability of topical tofacitinib and topical tacrolimus in patients with localized vitiligo using patientand investigator-reported outcome measures. Methods This was a prospective randomized investigator-blinded intraindividual single-centre comparative trial conducted over 16 weeks between January and December 2024. Thirty patients with 60 symmetrical vitiligo patches were enrolled. Eligible participants had slowly spreading, nonsegmental vitiligo affecting ≤ 5% of their body su rface area. Patches were randomized to receive either topical tofacitinib 2% ointment or topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment twice daily for 16 weeks. The primary outcome was percentage of patches achieving treatment success, defined as a Vitiligo Noticeability Scale (VNS) score of 4 (‘a lot less noticeable’) or 5 (‘no longer noticeable’). Secondary outcomes included time to treatment success, trends of VNS among groups, extent of repigmentation and adverse effects. The study was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2023/12/060431). Results Of the patches treated with tofacitinib, 47% (n = 14/30) achieved treatment success vs. 37% (n = 11/30) of those treated with tacro­ limus (P = 0.60)

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Social Media ’ s Transformative Impact on Chinese Gen-Z Girls ’ Grati fi cations in Physical Activity

Anchored in uses and gratifications theory, this study investigates how social media is reshaping Chinese Gen Z youths’ interpretations of the long-held cultural belief that girls should not participate in sport or physical activities. As Part of a broader study that also involved an anonymous quantitative survey of 722 high school students, this article focuses on the results from four focus groups involving 33 high school students, all of whom also completed the survey. The focus groups revealed a marked gender difference in perspectives about the appropriateness of sport and physical activity for girls outside school contexts. While males report no family opposition to participation, over half the female participants faced some opposition. However, once female participants became teenagers they engaged in information-seeking on social media to gratify their desire for new ideas and information about sport and physical activity. This process of digital information-seeking enabled them to contest and reframe traditionally restrictive gender norms. Keywords sport, physical activity, teenage girls, social media, uses and gratifications 1School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China 2Faculty of Arts and Education, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Corresponding Author: Toni Bruce, Faculty of Arts and Education, University of Auckland, B201 – Bldg 201, 10 Symonds St, Auckland Central, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. Email: t.bruce@auckland.ac

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Improvement of Mortality Prognostication in Patients With Epidermal Necrolysis The Role of Novel Inflammatory Markers and Proposed Revision of SCORTEN (Re-SCORTEN)

(Abstract not found)

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SHREENA B. PATEL; VALERIA V. GORDAN, D.D.S., M.S.; ALLYSON A. BARRETT; CHIAYI SHEN, Ph.D. A

(Abstract not found)

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Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

(Abstract not found)

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Spontaneous intraocular lens extrusion through Gundersen conjunctival graft after multiple failed keratoplasties: A report of two cases

Purpose: To report the occurrence and the outcomes of 2 cases of spontaneous extrusion of 3-piece intraocular lens (IOL) through a Gundersen conjunctival flap performed for tectonic purposes after multiple failed penetrating keratoplasties (PKs). Methods: A 70-year-old woman (Patient #1) with severe dry eye disease who had undergone cataract surgery with posterior chamber 3-piece IOL implantation, multiple PKs and Gundersen conjunctival flap in her left eye presented with partial extrusion of the optic and the inferior haptic of the IOL through the conjunctival flap. Inferior symblepharon and keratinization of the entire ocular surface were also present. A 64-year-old diabetic man (Patient #2) with history of cataract surgery with a posterior chamber IOL implant ation, multiple PKs for keratoconus and Gunderson conjunctival flap in his right eye presented with partial extrusion of IOL optic through the conjunctival flap. Results: Patient #1 refused a further surgery and IOL was removed at the slit lamp. Currently, 3 months after IOL extrusion, corneal perforation self-sealed, visual acuity of light perception is maintained, and the patient does not complain any symptoms of ocular discomfort or pain. In Patient #2, tectonic PK combined with IOL removal and anterior vitrectomy was performed. Currently, 1 month postoperatively corneal graft is clear, intraocular pressure is normal, and patient’s vision is counting fingers. Conclusions: In both cases, IOL extrusion occurred spont

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I. I NTRODUCTION M ODERN communication systems are continuously evolving to fulfill the growing users’ demand for faster transmission rate and data capacity, leading to broader signal bandwidth, high-order modulations, and high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The requirements for the linearity of the transmission signal are more stringent, and higher energy

The power amplifiers (PAs) often suffer from load mismatch in mobile terminals due to the complicated working environments, making linearizing those PAs a challenging task. This article proposes a novel load-mismatch tracking digital predistortion (LMT-DPD) technique for linearizing mobile-terminal PAs under varying load-mismatch conditions. The time-domain polyharmonic distortion (TD-PHD) model is discussed first for the behavioral modeling and linearization of PA under mismatch, followed by a practical model construction method. Then, the proposed LMT-DPD technique is derived based on the superposition principle. According to the real-time load reflection coefficients, the LMT-DPD enables automatic and fast adjustments of the predistorter to adapt to the PA ’s nonlinear distortion under different load-mismatch conditions without coefficient recalibration. Experimental validations are carried out on a mobile-terminal PA module at 4.6 GHz with a 100-MHz 5G new radio (NR) signal. The test results show that the proposed LMTDPD technique can significantly reduce the update frequency of predistorter while realizing excellent linearization performance.

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I. I NTRODUCTION I MAGE denoising is a fundamental research task in low- level vision, which aims at restoring clean images from

Recently, self-supervised denoising methods have attracted significant attention due to the considerable challenge posed by constructing a large-scale real noise dataset for supervised training. The most representative self-supervised denoisers are based on blind-spot networks (BSNs), which exclude the central pixel of receptive field. However, excluding any input pixel potentially leads to the loss of vital information required for accurate predictions, especially when the excluded pixel corresponds to the output position. In addition, a standard BSN has struggled to effectively reduce real-world noise due to the spatial correlation of noise, though it makes the significant results with independently distributed synthetic noise. In this paper, we propose a nov el self-supervised real-world image denoising framework called Complementary-BSN based on two reciprocal branches (Mask-Map branch and Enhanced-PD-BSN branch) with an efficient loss function to employ the pixels information ignored by masked convolution and provide additional optimization target for self-supervised output. Specifically, we exploit a block-wise random-placing (BRP) scheme for further weaken the noisy correlation to avoid the illusion of image structure recovery due to existing complex noise and make Complementary-BSN more suitable for real noise. Additionally, we develop an efficient strategy (multi-stride PD (MPD)) to fuse multiple PD strides for inference, narrowing the restoration gap between textural and flat regions. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance to other state-ofthe-art (SOTA) self-supervised denoising methods. The code is available at https://github.com/cuijin7382/Complementary-BSN.

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Multi-objective CH selection with Scheduling based energy efficient

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), energy efficiency, secure data transmission, and reduced latency are critical for enhancing network lifetime and reliability. Previously several optimization algorithms were used for optimal cluster head selection, but they do not provide sufficient results and still there are challenges in secure data transmission. To overcome these challenges this work is motivated. In this manuscript, a Multi-objective CH selection with Scheduling based energy efficient secure transmission in WSN using Siamese graph convolutional Mantis Search attention network (EST-SGCMSAN) is proposed. Initially, the cluster head is selected using the novel multi-objective CH selection strategy using the Red Piranha Alpine Skiing Optimization algorithm (RPASOA), designed to minimize ener gy usage and reduce transmission delay. Furthermore, an advanced sleep scheduling mechanism with duty cycling is introduced, leveraging a Siamese Graph Convolutional Mantis Search Attention Network (SGCMSAN) for reliable and energy-efficient scheduling. To address the security challenges inherent in sensor nodes, which often face constraints in processing power, storage, and energy, an AES-based signature generation approach utilizing White Box Cryptography (WBC) is implemented. This method ensures secure data transmission while maintaining low computational overhead. The proposed system aims to significantly extend the network lifetime of WSNs through optimized CH select

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Ni- and Sb-Doped SnO 2 Electrocatalysts with High Current Efficiency for Ozone Production via Electrodeposited Nanostructures

(Abstract not found)

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Food additives: From functions to analytical methods

Food additives refer to all kinds of trace substances used in food or food processing to preserve flavor or enhance food taste, appearance, or other qualities. At present, artificial synthetic food additives have gradually replaced the natural food additives and many problems related to food additives, involving the abuse of food additives, excessive additives or even toxic additives. Obviously, food additives can bring people great sensory enjoyment and commercial convenience, but they may also cause potential risks to human health. So, it is of high significance to conduct quantitative analysis on the content of food additives. According to their functions and the regulatory requirements of food additives, this review starts from the classification and structures of various food additives involving colorants, p reservatives, antioxidants, sweeteners, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents. It then summarizes and discusses analytical methods for quantification of food additives including modern immunoassays and other biotechnological methods. The proposed review aspires to fill in the knowledge gap of food additives between academia and industry by covering all kinds of analytical methods for quantifying food additives. KEYWORDS analytical methods; food additives; food additives regulation; molecular structure and technique Introduction Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities (I

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Molecular Recognition of VSIG1 in Biological Samples for Fast Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

(Abstract not found)

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