Three-Dimensional MXene-Based Functional Materials for Water Treatment: Preparation, Functional Tailoring, and Applications

: With the rapid development of economics and society, the water pollution and water shortage problem is becoming more and more severe. Excellent 3D separation functional materials for efficient water purification are highly required, but their design and fabrication still remain a big challenge at present. Benefiting from distinct advantages, such as 2D nanolamellar structure, high hydrophilicity, abundant functional groups, and desirable mechanical strength, 2D transition metal carbide/nitride materials, MXenes, have afforded a new platform for the creation of 3D water treatment functional materials. This review summarizes recent progress in 3D MXene-based functional materials toward wastewater treatment and water reclamation. In this review, common fabrication approaches for 3D MXene structures are emphatically summarized and recent developments of 3D MXene functional materials focused on the capacitive deionization (CDI), solar desalination, adsorption, and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are critically reviewed. Besides, the impact of the structural design on their material performance is outlined. The critical challenges of 3D MXene materials in the aforementioned fields are also highlighted. Finally, we provide a brief perspective on the future development of 3D MXene materials toward practical effluent treatments. 1. INTRODUCTION Owing to the distinct advantages of 2D nanomaterials, including large specific surface areas, high surface free energies, and uniqu

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Selective Identification and Quantification of Microplastics Using Solid Fluorescent Green Carbon Dots (SFGCDs) – A Novel, Naked Eye Sensing Fluoroprobe

The current work presents a Novel, Carbon Dot fluoroprobe to selectively identify and quantify Microplastics (MPs) released from Surgical facemask and Cosmetic Personal Cleansers. Solid Fluorescent Green Carbon Dots (SFGCDs) are synthesized for the first time from a high carbon source natural resin, obtained from Araucaria araucana (Monkey puzzle tree). The increased carbon content is responsible for the green colour of the CDs. SFGCDs function as a TURN OFF fluoroprobe on detection of MPs through dynamic quenching mechanism, which is confirmed from Stern Volmer Plot with an ­R2 value of. The minimum LOD being 0.0063 g/l for ≥ 6 μm diameter MPs. The agglomeration of microplastics released from surgical mask and cosmetic cleansers on functions as an insulator on the surface of SFGCDs, forbidding ease of electron- hole transfer between the donor- SFGCDs and acceptor-MPs. The release of MPs from the donor surface results in reappearance of fluorescence obeying FRET mechanism. The detection of MPs/ microfibres released by disposable surgical mask is studied by the degradation of the surgical face mask for a period of 50 days, followed by detection. Turn- OFF in fluorescence of SFGCDs observed in presence of micro fibre Turns On, as remediation of MPs is done by a simple filtration technique. The results demonstrate the potential of the fluoroprobe towards real time detection of MPs and simple remediation of MPs to conserve the ecosystem. The SFGCDs is stable and can be reused for nearly 3 cycles for the detection of MPs. A single PL peak obtained on detection of MPs in presence of monovalent, divalent trivalent ions and biomolecules authenticates the selectivity and stability of SFGCDs to function as an efficient fluoroprobe towards sensin g of MPs. Graphical Abstract 30 days 45 days 50 days Resin SFGCDs in UV Light Microwave irradiation Microplastic from Facemask Turn OFF fluorescence in UV light

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It is well-known that there is a trade-off between robustness to disturbances and measurement noise sensitivity in the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) framework based on extended state observer (ESO). To this end, this article proposes a novel variable structure ADRC (VSADRC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed control to enhance the disturbance rejection and the noise suppression simultaneously. In this technology, a variable structure ESO (VSESO) with two-stage interconnected observer is proposed to avoid directly employing noise-contaminated signal, in which the extended disturbance differential is appended to achieve higher-level disturbance estimation. By doing this, at low frequencies, the magnitude curve slope is 40 dB/dec for the VSESO and 20 dB/dec for ESO, while at high frequencies, it is −40 dB/dec for the VSESO and −20 dB/dec for ESO. Furthermore, the stability and output characteristics of the proposed strategy are comprehensively investigated. It is revealed that the superiority of the studied scheme in disturbance rejection and noise suppression. Received 9 December 2023; revised 24 March 2024, 30 May 2024, and 6 August 2024; accepted 15 September 2024. Date of publication 22 October 2024; date of current version 3 April 2025. This work was supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant 12122304, Grant 12473083, and Grant 12303085, in part by Jilin Province Key R&D Plan Project under Grant 20220203036SF, in part by Jilin Province Science and Technology Innovation Platform Project under Grant 20230505007ZP, in part by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Project under Grant 20240302044GX and Grant 20230203113SF, and in part by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS under Grant Y2023060. (Corresponding author: Yongting Deng.) Haiyang Cao, Xiufeng Liu, and Jianli Wang are with Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China, and also with the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (e-mail: caohaiyang20@mails.ucas.ac.cn; liuxiufeng20@mails.ucas. ac.cn; wangjianli@ciomp.ac.cn). Yongting Deng is with Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China (e-mail: dengyongting@ciomp.ac.cn). Yuefei Zuo is with the College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China (e-mail: yuefei.zuo@ieee.org). Christopher H. T. Lee is with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 (e-mail: chtlee@ntu.edu.sg). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TIE.2024.3468613 Finally, the ex perimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed VSADRC.

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Customized Intranasal Hydrogel Delivering Methylene Blue Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction against Alzheimer’s Disease

(Abstract not found)

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Optimization and Performance Analysis of Inorganic Lead-Free CsSnBr 3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using Diverse Electron Transport Materials

: The rapid enhancement in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) within a short time frame has introduced challenges related to the instability and toxicity linked with lead (Pb), impeding their progress toward commercial viability. In response, the exploration of Pb-free alternatives, such as CsSnBr3, has garnered substantial research attention. CsSnBr3 stands out as a highly promising contender for fulfilling the role of an absorber layer in solar cell technology, distinguished by its economical nature, robust stability, and impressive efficiency. In this study, CsSnBr3 is employed as an absorber layer, Cu2O as the hole transport layer (HTL), and TiO2, PCBM, WS2, ZnO, SnO2, and IGZO as electron transport layers (ETLs). This work focuses on enhancing the photovoltaic (PV) performance parameters of CsSnBr3-based PSCs using SCAPS-1D numerical simulation. This is achieved by optimizing characteristics (thickness, doping, and defect density) of the light absorber layer, ETLs, and HTL. Additionally, the effects of doping and defect density (Nt) on the PV performance at CsSnBr3/ETL and HTL/CsSnBr3 interfaces are investigated. The device architecture’s performance was significantly influenced by the absorber layer’s thickness, acceptor density, defect density, and the combination of various ETLs and HTLs. Optimized devices employing TiO2, PCBM, WS2, ZnO, SnO2, and IGZO ETLs exhibited PCEs of 21.64, 21.94, 22.43, 21.94, 21.94, and 21.88%, respectively. Mor

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Comparative efficacy of topical tofacitinib versus topical tacrolimus in the treatment of localized vitiligo: a randomized investigator-blinded intraindividual trial

Background Topical ruxolitinib was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of vitiligo. Studies compar­ ing other topical Janus kinase inhibitors with established topical therapies like tacrolimus are lacking. Objectives To compare the efficacy and tolerability of topical tofacitinib and topical tacrolimus in patients with localized vitiligo using patientand investigator-reported outcome measures. Methods This was a prospective randomized investigator-blinded intraindividual single-centre comparative trial conducted over 16 weeks between January and December 2024. Thirty patients with 60 symmetrical vitiligo patches were enrolled. Eligible participants had slowly spreading, nonsegmental vitiligo affecting ≤ 5% of their body su rface area. Patches were randomized to receive either topical tofacitinib 2% ointment or topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment twice daily for 16 weeks. The primary outcome was percentage of patches achieving treatment success, defined as a Vitiligo Noticeability Scale (VNS) score of 4 (‘a lot less noticeable’) or 5 (‘no longer noticeable’). Secondary outcomes included time to treatment success, trends of VNS among groups, extent of repigmentation and adverse effects. The study was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2023/12/060431). Results Of the patches treated with tofacitinib, 47% (n = 14/30) achieved treatment success vs. 37% (n = 11/30) of those treated with tacro­ limus (P = 0.60)

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Social Media ’ s Transformative Impact on Chinese Gen-Z Girls ’ Grati fi cations in Physical Activity

Anchored in uses and gratifications theory, this study investigates how social media is reshaping Chinese Gen Z youths’ interpretations of the long-held cultural belief that girls should not participate in sport or physical activities. As Part of a broader study that also involved an anonymous quantitative survey of 722 high school students, this article focuses on the results from four focus groups involving 33 high school students, all of whom also completed the survey. The focus groups revealed a marked gender difference in perspectives about the appropriateness of sport and physical activity for girls outside school contexts. While males report no family opposition to participation, over half the female participants faced some opposition. However, once female participants became teenagers they engaged in information-seeking on social media to gratify their desire for new ideas and information about sport and physical activity. This process of digital information-seeking enabled them to contest and reframe traditionally restrictive gender norms. Keywords sport, physical activity, teenage girls, social media, uses and gratifications 1School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China 2Faculty of Arts and Education, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Corresponding Author: Toni Bruce, Faculty of Arts and Education, University of Auckland, B201 – Bldg 201, 10 Symonds St, Auckland Central, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. Email: t.bruce@auckland.ac

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Improvement of Mortality Prognostication in Patients With Epidermal Necrolysis The Role of Novel Inflammatory Markers and Proposed Revision of SCORTEN (Re-SCORTEN)

(Abstract not found)

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SHREENA B. PATEL; VALERIA V. GORDAN, D.D.S., M.S.; ALLYSON A. BARRETT; CHIAYI SHEN, Ph.D. A

(Abstract not found)

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Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

(Abstract not found)

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